Ill. 3.2Figure 3.2 Original and “cleansed” cover of Eyebrow Talk 1.
Ill. 3.3Figure 3.3 Original and “cleansed” cover of Eyebrow Talk 2.
Ill. 3.4Figure 3.4 Original and “cleansed” cover of Eyebrow Talk 3.
Ill. 3.5Figure 3.5 Shun Pao advertisement for Eyebrow Talk.
Ill. 3.6Figure 3.6 Photographs of women’s everyday life in Eyebrow Talk
Ill. 4.1Figure 4.1 “Ms Du Qingchi,” Women’s World 7 (1904).
Ill. 5.1Figure 5.1 Photo-portrait and a painted fan by Jin Taotao, The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (June 11, 1911)
Ill. 5.2Figure 5.2 A painted fan by Jin Taotao in The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (detail)
Ill. 5.3Figure 5.3 Handicrafts by Su Bennan and Su Benyan, The Women’s Eastern Times 3 (September 22, 1911)
Ill. 5.4Figure 5.4 Paintings by Zhang Mojun, The Women’s Eastern Times 4 (November 5, 1911)
Ill. 5.5Figure 5.5 Photo-portrait and embroidery of the Italian Empress by Shen Shou, The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (June 11, 1911)
Ill. 5.6Figure 5.6 Photo of female students at L'Institut franco-chinois de Lyon, The Ladies’ Journal 8:7 (1922)
Ill. 5.7Figure 5.7 Guying (Looking at one’s own reflection) by Pan Yuliang, The Ladies’ Journal 15:7 (1929)
Ill. 9.1Figure 9.1 Advertisement for educational toys, The Ladies’ Journal 6:5 (1920), 67.
Ill. 9.3Figure 9.3 Map of the first floor of the “beautiful dwelling” The Ladies’ Journal 13:2 (1927), 41.
Ill. 9.4Figure 9.4 Three alternative plans for Chu Hui’s home library, The Ladies’ Journal 13:7 (1927), 119.
Ill. 9.5Figure 9.5 Liu Heng’s educational cards, The Ladies’ Journal 17:6 (1927), 69.
Ill. 12.1Figure 12.1 Ms. Kinbara, Japanese teacher in China, The Women’s Eastern Times 6 (May 1912).
Ill. 12.2Figure 12.2 Physical education specialist (Tiyu jia) Tang Jianwo in Western dress, The Women’s Eastern Times 2 (July 1911).
Ill. 12.3Figure 12.3 Younger sister of the wife of [Kajita] Hanko wearing Kajita-style reformed clothing. The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (June 1911).
Ill. 12.4Figure 12.4 Ye Jingzi, Zhongguo nüxia (Chinese female knight-errant) in Western dress. The Women’s Eastern Times 5 (January 1912)
Ill. 12.5Figure 12.5 Female volunteers at a saizhenhui (exhibition) teashop. The Women’s Eastern Times 8 (September 1912).
Ill. 12.6Figure 12.6 Cover for Jogaku sekai (World of women’s education).
Ill. 12.7Figure 12.7 Cover for Jogakusei gahô (Illustrated journal for female students) with woman in kimono.
Ill. 12.8Figure 12.8 The Women’s Eastern Times 18 (June 1916) cover.
Ill. 12.9Figure 12.9 Ladies’ Home Journal, February 1899
Ill. 12.10Figure 12.10 The Women’s Eastern Times 12 (January 1914).
Ill. 12.11Figure 12.11 Ladies’ Home Journal, July 1902.
Ill. 12.12Figure 12.12 The Women’s Eastern Times 5 (January 1912).
Ill. 12.13Figure 12.13 “A woman from Tianjin had been suffering from stomach ache.” (Tianjin mingfu ceng huan weiji). The Women’s Eastern Times 4 (November 1911).
Ill. 12.14Figure 12.14 Nüjiebao – [it is] the most precious thing for women indeed (Nüjiebao-funüjie zhong zhi zhibao ye). The Women’s Eastern Times 10 (May 1913), 11 (October 1913).
Ill. 12.15Figure 12.15 “Republican Chinese Survey of Women’s Menstruation.” The Women’s Eastern Times 16 (February 1915), 85.
Ill. 12.16Figure 12.16 and 12.17 Identical photographs of the doctors as featured in Aoyagi’s, The Practice of Painless Childbirth, front matter (on the left); and Figure 12.17: in the translation of Aoyagi’s work in Qin Zhong, The Women’s Eastern Times 20 (November 1916), 47.
Ill. 12.17Figure 12.16 and 12.17 Identical photographs of the doctors as featured in Aoyagi’s, The Practice of Painless Childbirth, front matter (on the left); and Figure 12.17: in the translation of Aoyagi’s work in Qin Zhong, The Women’s Eastern Times 20 (November 1916), 47.
Ill. 13.1Figure 13.1 A notice by a Shanghai pharmacist advertising the benefits of a fortifying pill (brand name: qingkuai wan) for women. Noting that all outstanding and heroic figures in the past and present in both China and the West were all raised by ‘wise mothers’, the advertisement insists that it is obligatory for ‘good wives and wise mothers’ (liangqi xianmu) to ensure their own good health in order to perform their required tasks. The Ladies’ Journal 1:5 (1915).
Ill. 13.2
Figure 13.2 right: photograph of a “Chinese old-style wedding” (under the general title “Preservation of the national essence”); left: photograph of a “European new-style wedding” (under the general title “The sweet taste of freedom”). The Women’s Eastern Times 2 (1911)
Ill. 13.3Figure 13.3 A Javanese royal wedding (top); Fashionably-dressed European women (bottom). The Women’s Eastern Times 3 (1911).
Ill. 13.4Figure 13.4 An aristocratic Javanese woman (left); A wealthy Javanese woman (right). The Women’s Eastern Times 4 (1911).
Ill. 13.5Figure 13.5 Satirical cartoon illustrating “civilization” and “savagery” The Ladies’ Journal 7:7 (1921)
Ill. 14.1Figure 14.1 Women’s World 10 (1904) – 2 (1905)): As Foreign as it gets
Ill. 14.2Figure 14.2 Rural Women Knowing All 2 (1996): Rural women at leisure
Ill. 14.3Figure 14.3 Rural Women Knowing All 4 (1996): Rural women at work
Ill. 14.4Figure 14.4 Rural Women Knowing All 5 (1996): Rural women for (dis)play
Ill. 14.5Figure 14.5 Rural Women Knowing All 2 (1996), 52: A rare Foreigner
Ill. 14.6Figure 14.6 Woman of China 1 (1966): Women at Work
Ill. 14.7Figure 14.7 Woman of China 5 (1956): Women at Work
Ill. 14.8Figure 14.8 Petite 225 (1936), 466: Mussolini‘s Wife
Ill. 14.9Figure 14.9 Petite 222 (1936), 304: Inviting Positions
Ill. 14.10Figure 14.10 Petite 221 (1936), 214: Healthy Bodies
Ill. 14.11Figure 14.11 Shidai Manhua 25 (20 January 1936), n.p.: “The Standard Chinese”
Ill. 14.12Figure 14.12 Petite 40 (1931), 1559: Transcultural Types
Ill. 14.13Figure 14.13 Woman of China 9 (1956), 6: Transcultural 1950s
Ill. 14.14Figure 14.14 Rural Women Knowing All 2 (1996), 54: Foreign or Chinese? Not always an easy distinction
Ill. 14.15Figure 14.15 Petite 44 (1932), 1790: Foreign or Chinese? Not always an easy distinction
Ill. 14.16Figure 14.16 Petite 71 (1932), 970h : Foreign or Chinese? Not always an easy distinction
Illustration Captions
Figure 1.1 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 1:1 (1915). Painting by Xu Yongqing.
Figure 1.2 Cover of Dianshizhai Pictorial, 128 (1887.8.xia)
Figure 1.3 Cover of Women’s World, 1 (Jan. 1904).
Figure 1.4 Cover of Women’s Eastern Times, 1 (June 11, 1914). Painting by Xu Yongqing
Figure 1.5 Cover of Women’s Eastern Times, 13 (April 1, 1914). Painting by Xu Yongqing
Figure 1.6 Cover of The True Record, 12 (1912). Painting by Gao Qifeng.
Figure 1.7 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 1:2 (1915). Painting by Xu Yongqing
Figure 1.8 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 1:3 (1915). Painting by Xu Yongqing.
Figure 1.9 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 1:5 (1915). Painting by Xu Yongqing.
Figure 1.10 Covers of The Ladies’ Journal, 1:7–10 (1915). Paintings by Xu Yongqing.
Figure 1.11 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 1:12 (1915). Painting by Xu Yongqing.
Figure 1.12 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 2:6 (1916). Painting by Lou Tong.
Figure 1.13 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 2:8 (1916). Painting by Jin Zhang
Figure 1.14 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 3:10 (1917).
Figure 1.15 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 4:7 (1918). Painting by Wu Shujuan.
Figure 1.16 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 6:5 (1920). Painting by Zhou Li, dated 1801.
Figure 1.17 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 7:5 (1921).
Figure 1.18 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 8:4 (1922). Special issue on divorce.
Figure 1.19 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 9:11 (1923). Special issue on choosing a spouse.
Figure 1.20 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 10:2 (1924). Painting by Li Lichen.
Figure 1.21 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 11:5 (1925). Design by Xiang.
Figure 1.22 “What is the New Sexual Morality?” The Ladies’ Journal, 11:1 (1925)
Figure 1.23 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 11:3 or 12:3. Design by “Ke.”
Figure 1.24 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 15:7 (1929). Design by Ye Qianyu.
Figure 1.25 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 16:11 (1930). Design by Qian Juntao.
Figure 1.26 Table of Contents for The Ladies’ Journal, 17:1 (1931). Ornaments by Baceo (Qian Juntao).
Figure 1.27 Cover of Student Magazine, 18:1 (1929).
Figure 1.28 Cover of The Ladies’ Journal, 17:9 (1931).
Figure 2.1 A semi-nude, Petite 1:39 (1931), 1534.
Figure 2.2 A semi-nude, Li Li, Pictorial Weekly 8:366 (1932), 49.
Figure 2.3 Examples of photographs circulated between Petite and Pictorial Weekly
Figure 2.4 A male nude, Petite 1:17 (1931), 606.
Figure 2.5 A male nude in Pictorial Weekly 5:250 (1930), 399.
Figure 3.1 Nudes in Eyebrow Talk.
Figure 3.2 Original and “cleansed” cover of Eyebrow Talk 1.
Figure 3.3 Original and “cleansed” cover of Eyebrow Talk 2.
Figure 3.4 Original and “cleansed” cover of Eyebrow Talk 3.
Figure 3.5 Shun Pao advertisement for Eyebrow Talk.
Figure 3.6 Photographs of women’s everyday life in Eyebrow Talk
Figure 4.1 “Ms Du Qingchi,” Women’s World 7 (1904).
Figure 5.1 Photo-portrait and a painted fan by Jin Taotao, The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (June 11, 1911)
Figure 5.2 A painted fan by Jin Taotao in The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (detail)
Figure 5.3 Handicrafts by Su Bennan and Su Benyan, The Women’s Eastern Times 3 (September 22, 1911)
Figure 5.4 Paintings by Zhang Mojun, The Women’s Eastern Times 4 (November 5, 1911)
Figure 5.5 Photo-portrait and embroidery of the Italian Empress by Shen Shou, The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (June 11, 1911)
Figure 5.6 Photo of female students at L'Institut franco-chinois de Lyon, The Ladies’ Journal 8:7 (1922)
Figure 5.7 Guying (Looking at one’s own reflection) by Pan Yuliang, The Ladies’ Journal 15:7 (1929)
Figure 9.1 Advertisement for educational toys, The Ladies’ Journal 6:5 (1920), 67.
Figure 9.3 Map of the first floor of the “beautiful dwelling” The Ladies’ Journal 13:2 (1927), 41.
Figure 9.4 Three alternative plans for Chu Hui’s home library, The Ladies’ Journal 13:7 (1927), 119.
Figure 9.5 Liu Heng’s educational cards, The Ladies’ Journal 17:6 (1927), 69.
Figure 12.1 Ms. Kinbara, Japanese teacher in China, The Women’s Eastern Times 6 (May 1912).
Figure 12.2 Physical education specialist (Tiyu jia) Tang Jianwo in Western dress, The Women’s Eastern Times 2 (July 1911).
Figure 12.3 Younger sister of the wife of [Kajita] Hanko wearing Kajita-style reformed clothing. The Women’s Eastern Times 1 (June 1911).
Figure 12.4 Ye Jingzi, Zhongguo nüxia (Chinese female knight-errant) in Western dress. The Women’s Eastern Times 5 (January 1912)
Figure 12.5 Female volunteers at a saizhenhui (exhibition) teashop. The Women’s Eastern Times 8 (September 1912).
Figure 12.6 Cover for Jogaku sekai (World of women’s education).
Figure 12.7 Cover for Jogakusei gahô (Illustrated journal for female students) with woman in kimono.
Figure 12.8 The Women’s Eastern Times 18 (June 1916) cover.
Figure 12.9 Ladies’ Home Journal, February 1899;
Figure 12.10 The Women’s Eastern Times 12 (January 1914).
Figure 12.11 Ladies’ Home Journal, July 1902.
Figure 12.12 The Women’s Eastern Times 5 (January 1912).
Figure 12.13 “A woman from Tianjin had been suffering from stomach ache.” (Tianjin mingfu ceng huan weiji). The Women’s Eastern Times 4 (November 1911).
Figure 12.14 Nüjiebao – [it is] the most precious thing for women indeed (Nüjiebao-funüjie zhong zhi zhibao ye). The Women’s Eastern Times 10 (May 1913), 11 (October 1913).
Figure 12.15 “Republican Chinese Survey of Women’s Menstruation.” The Women’s Eastern Times 16 (February 1915), 85.
Figure 12.16 and 12.17 Identical photographs of the doctors as featured in Aoyagi’s, The Practice of Painless Childbirth, front matter (on the left); and Figure 12.17: in the translation of Aoyagi’s work in Qin Zhong, The Women’s Eastern Times 20 (November 1916), 47.
Figure 13.1 A notice by a Shanghai pharmacist advertising the benefits of a fortifying pill (brand name: qingkuai wan) for women. Noting that all outstanding and heroic figures in the past and present in both China and the West were all raised by ‘wise mothers’, the advertisement insists that it is obligatory for ‘good wives and wise mothers’ (liangqi xianmu) to ensure their own good health in order to perform their required tasks. The Ladies’ Journal 1:5 (1915).
Figure 13.2 right: photograph of a “Chinese old-style wedding” (under the general title “Preservation of the national essence”); left: photograph of a “European new-style wedding” (under the general title “The sweet taste of freedom”). The Women’s Eastern Times 2 (1911)
Figure 13.3 A Javanese royal wedding (top); Fashionably-dressed European women (bottom). The Women’s Eastern Times 3 (1911).
Figure 13.4 An aristocratic Javanese woman (left); A wealthy Javanese woman (right). The Women’s Eastern Times 4 (1911).
Figure 13.5 Satirical cartoon illustrating “civilization” and “savagery” The Ladies’ Journal 7:7 (1921)
Figure 14.1 Women’s World 10 (1904) – 2 (1905)): As Foreign as it gets
Figure 14.2 Rural Women Knowing All 2 (1996): Rural women at leisure
Figure 14.3 Rural Women Knowing All 4 (1996): Rural women at work
Figure 14.4 Rural Women Knowing All 5 (1996): Rural women for (dis)play
Figure 14.5 Rural Women Knowing All 2 (1996), 52: A rare Foreigner
Figure 14.6 Woman of China 1 (1966): Women at Work
Figure 14.7 Woman of China 5 (1956): Women at Work
Figure 14.8 Petite 225 (1936), 466: Mussolini‘s Wife
Figure 14.9 Petite 222 (1936), 304: Inviting Positions
Figure 14.10 Petite 221 (1936), 214: Healthy Bodies
Figure 14.11 Shidai Manhua 25 (20 January 1936), n.p.: “The Standard Chinese”
Figure 14.12 Petite 40 (1931), 1559: Transcultural Types
Figure 14.13 Woman of China 9 (1956), 6: Transcultural 1950s
Figure 14.14 Rural Women Knowing All 2 (1996), 54: Foreign or Chinese? Not always an easy distinction
Figure 14.15 Petite 44 (1932), 1790: Foreign or Chinese? Not always an easy distinction
Figure 14.16 Petite 71 (1932), 970h : Foreign or Chinese? Not always an easy distinction